The case of fertility transition: Will it ever reach the desired levels in Pakistan?

Abstract

The study aims to explore the link between Human Development Index (HDI), Immunization Rate (IR) and the Total Fertility Rate. It argues that although female education plays a vital role in influencing fertility behavior and has a strong negative association, there are complex set of factors, individuals, economic and socio-cultural issues that also contribute towards the fertility transition. Focusing on female education or family planning services alone has not produced the desired result. Rather, a more focused and consolidated policy approach that effectively incorporates the components of HDI and IR is needed to address the issue of ever increasing population. Indeed, any major policy response to the issue should consider the entire gamut of socio-economic, cultural, societal, individual and related factors to lead to positive outcomes.