QUANTIFICATION OF HEAVY METALS, STEROIDS, AND THEIR HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT IN LOCALLY MARKETED FACE WASH OF PAKISTAN

Abstract

The widespread use of face wash products in Pakistan requires a detailed investigation into their chemical composition and potential health effects, especially regarding undeclared hazardous substances. This research addresses a significant public health and environmental issue by measuring heavy metals, including Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), and Lead (Pb), as well as steroids, in locally marketed face wash products. It also evaluates the associated risks to human health and the environment. The purpose of the study is to establish the level of contamination, health risks, evaluate environmental effects, and recommend improvements in the regulation. This was done with a survey of consumer awareness, physicochemical study, and proper quantification of heavy metals through atomic absorption spectrophotometry as well as steroid (Betamethasone and Hydrocortisone) by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Health risk assessment was carried out in the form of calculation of the Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) and Hazard Quotient (HQ).